Rio entitled extraction of proteins by winsor iii microemulsion systems. When gel and microemulsion are used in combined form and the dosage forms are referred as microemulsion based gel. Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, and their formation is facilitated by the ultralow interfacial tension of these systems, which leads to. Ternary phase diagram that shows the 3 phase region. Winsor type iii microemulsions were obtained by adding noctane to winsor type i microemulsion systems prepared using various. We consider phase behaviour of a surfactantoilwater system that. Winsor i ow, winsor ii wo, winsor iii bicontinuous or middle phase microemulsion and winsor iv systems are formed by altering the curvature of interface with the help of different factors such as salin ity, temperature, etc. Shulman, professors of chemistry at cambridge university, in 1943.
Microemulsions may be used as the carrier for protein and peptide delivery to the gi tract. An me gel base composed of 35% ipm, 20% water, and 45% tween 80. Spe 121575 viscometer for opaque, sealed microemulsion. It is expected that local equilibrium is achieved during surfactant flooding and that resulting microemulsion phase properties directly influence the flow physics and thus, oil recovery. Surfactant rich middlephase coexists with both water lower and oil upper surfactantpoor phases winsor iii. Application of phase behavior studies to optimize chemical.
During the phase behavior study, it was observed that the natural petroleum soap from the crude oil plays an important role in the formation of the microemulsion and lowering of ift. Apr, 2016 the formation and phase behavior of jatropha curcasbased microemulsion systems, which could potentially be used in enhanced oil recovery applications, has been investigated. Extraction and characterization of crude oil acids for. Preparation of nano and microemulsions using phase. Formation and phase behavior of winsor type iii jatropha curcasbased microemulsion systems article in journal of surfactants and detergents 194 april 2016 with 33 reads how we measure reads.
Emulsions part 3 microemulsions miniemulsions remarks to. This may be considered as an extension of w insors classification form ing the fifth category. For an efficient type iii, set the temperature to 25c and the salinity to the low value typically used in cosmetics. This product provides three unique electron donor materials which produce a beneficial and sequential, stagedrelease of each individual electron donor component. A winsor type ii phase behavior corresponds to the opposite. Iii ii microemulsion phase behavior of hydrofluoroethers and fluorocarbonhydrocarbon. Microemulsion based gels have emerged as one of the most interesting topical drug delivery system as it has dual control release system i. Both ow and wo microemulsion can be used for parenteral delivery.
Figure 3 is the plot of microemulsion volume verses time of type iii microemulsions prepared with 2 wt. Simultaneous presenceof two microemulsion phases, one in contact with water and the other in contact with oil is also possible. A winsor type i surfactantalcohol mixture was used as an in situ flushing agent to solubilize a multicomponent nonaqueous phase liquid napl as a singlephase microemulsion spme in a hydraulically isolated test cell at hill air force base afb, utah. Formulation and characterization of microemulsion based. Effect of surfactant type on formation of microemulsions. Once a system with an ultralow ift, a wide microemulsion type iii window, and a low microemulsion viscosity is identified the solution will be further studied in a coreflooding experiment in which the surfactant adsorption and the potential for additional oil recovery will be studied. Formation and phase behavior of winsor type iii jatropha curcas. These winsor type iii heavy oil microemulsions are stable and have much lower viscosity 150 350 mpa. Isbn 9789535102472, pdf isbn 9789535149712, published 20120316.
I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy, with a major in chemical engineering. Surfactantloaded middle phase combines with both water and oil phases and forms three phase microemulsion. Drug solubilization capacity of the microemulsion system was determined. In a winsor type iii system, the surfactant forms a microemulsion in a separate phase between the oil and aqueous phases. Microemulsionbased palm kernel oil extraction using mixed.
The main interest of the present study was focussed on the winsorii type microemulsion system, consisting of two phases in which waterinoil droplets are in equilibrium with excess water phase at the bottom. Mechanism of surfactant in microemulsion phase behaviour. Accelerated stability study of the developed microemulsion was carried out for 6 months. The formation and phase behavior of jatropha curcasbased microemulsion systems, which could potentially be used in enhanced oil recovery applications, has been investigated. The samples were also analysed for their particle size and size distribution, viscosity, conductivity and birefringence.
Surfactantonly microemulsions for cleaning system design and. Download citation identification of winsor type iii microemulsion for chemical eor of heavy oil application of phase behavior studies to optimize chemical. For example, avoid greasy ointments for acute weepy dermatitis. Interfacial tension, measurement, effect of surfactant on oil. Pg as surfactantcosurfactant mixture scos in ratio of 15. Formation and phase behavior of winsor type iii jatropha curcasbased microemulsion systems. It was a good indicator of the decrease of interfacial. Winsor type iii microemulsions were obtained by adding n. In a winsor type ii system, the surfactant forms a waterinoil emulsion in the oil phase. The phase behaviour and nano and microemulsion formation of the ternary mixtures prepared were characterised by visual observation for their phase separation and optical clarity e. The singlephase microemulsion region is called winsortype iv phase. Surfactantloaded middle phase combines with both water and oil phases and forms. Microemulsions an introduction to properties and applications. The main challenge is to identify th e surface active acid compounds of the crude oil that is responsible for the formation of emulsion in a ternary system.
Whilst optimal salinity is associated with the desirable windsor typeiii microemulsion, other types of microemulsion can be determined from the model given the surfactant type, the brine concentration, and the components of the crude oil. If you need an ow microemulsion then you need to be in the area with a small negative hld and if you want wo go to a small positive hld. I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy, with a. The effect of surfactant type on microemulsion area is shown in figure 1 and indicates that the best surfactant to produce microemulsion is in the following rank order. Extraction of proteins by winsor iii microemulsion systems. Pdf extraction and characterization of crude oil acids. A threephase system where a surfactantrich middle phase coexists with both excess water and oil surfactantpoor phases winsor iii or middlephase microemulsion. In high salinity, the surfactant did not form microemulsion, so it was difficult to determine the mechanism in this environment. Microemulsion viscosities with and without polymer at shear rate of 1. Therefore, in this type, a waterinoil microemulsion coexists with excess water. More confusingly still, the term microemulsion can refer to the single. Design and formulation of optimized microemulsions for dermal. Identification of winsor type iii microemulsion for chemical.
Design and formulation of optimized microemulsions for. A comparision of wettability and spontaneous imbibition. As the salinity is increased, both the extent of solubiliza tion and the. Protein extraction by winsoriii microemulsion systems.
Alternative names for these systems are often used, such as transparent emulsion, swollen micelle, micellar solution, and solubilized oil. Windsor i a two phase system with an ow micellar dispersion and an excess oil phase windsor ii a two phase system with a wo micellar dispersion and an excess water phase windsor iii ow a three phase system with a. The main interest of the present study was focussed on the winsorii type microemulsion system, consisting of two phases in which waterinoil droplets are in equilibrium with excess. Journal of surfactants and detergents 2016, 19 4, 701712. Microemulsions practical surfactants science prof steven. Armenta, in comprehensive analytical chemistry, 2011. Preparation of the microemulsion base and microemulsion systems containing different concentrations of salicylic acid. Identification of winsor type iii microemulsion for. Oilinwater mes were formulated using surfactant s peg8 capryliccapric glycerides and cosurfactant cos polyglyceryl6isostearate. Match the type of the preparation with the type of lesions. The singlephase microemulsion region is called winsor type iv phase.
Microemulsions are mixtures of oil, surfactant, and water that form spontaneously on bringing the three components together 69. With all types of microemulsions, wateroilwater type microemulsion offers unique advantages, including these. This behavior leads to surfactant retention in the oil phase and is unfavorable for an enhanced oil recovery process. Generally ointments and wo creams are less irritating. Pdf extraction and characterization of crude oil acids for.
In this microemulsion, both the water and oil are surfactantdeficient phases. Us6000412a method for cleaning deposits from a tank. In oilinwater type of microemulsions droplets of oil is surrounded by a surfactant and may be. Erd is the primary anaerobic biological process by which problematic chlorinated solvents such as tetrachloroethylene pce and trichloroethene tce. Formation and phase behavior of winsor type iii jatropha. At low salinity, winsor type i oilinwater, ow microemulsions are formed.
Preparation and evaluation of microemulsion systems. Record the volumes of water v belonging to the emulsion, gel and. Glimepiride loaded microemulsion using labrafil m 1944 cs, cremophor rh 40, transcutol p as oil, surfactant and cosurfactant respectively, was prepared and characterized. Winsor phase behavior schlumberger oilfield glossary. Formulation and characterization of microemulsion based gel. Wo2011110503a1 method for producing crude oil using. Thus, an increase in salinity enhanced the phase transition of winsor type i microemulsion toward winsor type iii microemulsion. As nouns the difference between emulsion and microemulsion is that emulsion is a stable suspension of small droplets of one liquid in another with which it is immiscible while microemulsion is a stable emulsion that is clear because the individual droplets of the dispersed phase are less than 100 nanometers in diameter. Microemulsion is a nanoparticle synthesis technique in which two immiscible fluids such as water in oil wo, oil in water ow or water in supercritical carbon dioxide wsc co2 are thermodynamically stabilized with the aid of a surfactant.
Paper open access extraction and characterization of crude. However, at low salinity the surfactant formed microemulsion achieving the windsor type iii, with three different phases. Microemulsions microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, optically transparent, isotropic dispersions of aqueous and hydrocarbon liquids stabilized by an interfacial film of surfactant molecules microemulsions show diverse structural organizations due to wide range of surfactant concentrations, wateroil ratios, temperature etc. Paper open access extraction and characterization of. Optimum oil flotation corresponds to a winsor type iii microemulsion, which also corresponds to minimum interfacial tensions between oil and water and to maximum solubilization of water and of oil. Microemulsion formulations have distinct advantages over macroemulsion systems when delivered parenterally because of the fine particle microemulsion is cleared more slowly than the coarse particle emulsion and, therefore, have a longer residence time in the body. To represent these four phases, another notation system. The surfactant system of claim 22 wherein the water is selected from the group consisting of fresh water and salt water. Degradation of proteins is effectively reduced due to the use of relatively mild conditions during the formulation process of microemulsions. The proposed model isvalidated using a number of experimental results presented in this document. They are generally described as windsor type i, ii, iii or iv emulsions fig. Aug 21, 2008 the surfactant system of claim 33 wherein the microemulsion is a windsor type iii middle phase microemulsion having a separation time of less than about 2 hours. A winsor type iv microemulsion is an extension of a winsor type iii at higher surfactant concentrations, where the middle phase extends and becomes a single phase.
Surfactantonly microemulsions for cleaning system design. Interfacial tension, measurement, effect of surfactant on. Us6000412a us09023,379 us2337998a us6000412a us 6000412 a us6000412 a us 6000412a us 2337998 a us2337998 a us 2337998a us 6000412 a us6000412 a us 6000412a authority us united states prior art keywords tank alkyl method containing carbon atoms prior art date 199802 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. The surfactant polyoxyethylene10 oleyl ether and alcohol 1pentanol together comprised 5. Field implementation of a winsor type i surfactantalcohol. Characterization of microemulsions prepared using isopropyl. Surfactant systems are provided that, upon contact with an oil, can produce a windsor type iii middle phase microemulsion at a total surfactant concentration of 1.
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